EYE am FINE

👁 What is Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome (PEX)?PEX is a systemic ocular condition in which abnormal fibrillar protein deposits accumulate on the lens, iris, cornea, and other ocular structuresFirst described by Lindberg in 1917Best observed after pupillary dilationPredominantly affects elderly patients, more common in females🔍 True vs Pseudo ExfoliationTypeDescriptionTrue exfoliationCapsular delam..

👁 What is Aniridia?Aniridia is a rare congenital eye disorder characterized by the partial or complete absence of the iris.While the iris controls how much light enters the eye, aniridia affects not only the iris but also multiple ocular structures, making it a panocular disease.🔬 Key Ocular FeaturesFeatureDescriptionPhotophobiaIris absence leads to light sensitivityVisual delayDue to corneal ..

👁 What is Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS)?Sturge-Weber Syndrome is a type of phakomatosis,characterized by vascular malformations involving the brain, face, and eyes.Also called Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis📊 Incidence: ~1 in 50,000 live births🧠 The Triad of AngiomasIntracranial AngiomaTypically in occipital / parieto-occipital lobesCommon symptoms:Seizures (75–90%)Intellectual disability (50%..

👁 Intraocular Pressure (IOP) & Glaucoma: Why It MattersGlaucoma causes irreversible optic nerve damageIOP measurement is the key tool for early detection and managementPlays a role in diagnosis, monitoring, and screening🧪 Key Tonometers for IOP Measurement1. Goldmann Applanation Tonometer (GAT)ProsConsGold standard, high accuracyRequires slit lamp, fluorescein, anesthesiaOperator-dependentRisk..

👁 What is ARK?ARK (AutoRefractor & Keratometer)AutoRefraction: Measures refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism)Keratometry: Measures corneal curvature➡️ Combined in a single automatic device📌 Standard tool in eye clinics📌 Fast, automated measurement: ~1 second × 3 trials → average result ⚠ Accuracy in Pediatrics: ARK vs Manual RefractionIn children (especially inaccurateGreater dis..

👁 Glaucoma Diagnosis = Matching Structure & FunctionGlaucoma is a disease of the optic nerve characterized by both:ComponentDescriptionStructuralOptic disc cupping, RNFL lossFunctionalVisual field defect (VFD)✅ Both must be present to confirm a diagnosis.🧪 How Pressure Causes DamageIOP ↑ targets the Inferotemporal (IT) region of the optic discThis leads to damage in the IT RNFL (Retinal Nerve ..

👁 Glaucoma: From Pressure to Vision LossStageDescriptionCauseElevated intraocular pressure (IOP ↑)ProcessGlaucomatous optic disc cuppingOutcomeVisual field loss🔬 Structure + Function = Glaucoma DiagnosisStructural changes: optic disc cupping, RNFL thinningFunctional loss: characteristic visual field defects (VFDs)✅ Diagnosis requires both structure & function🧠 Anatomical Basis of Visual Field..

👁 What is Glaucoma?Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathywith structural and functional damage involving:Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)Optic nerve fibers (axons)✅ Diagnosis requires BOTH:Structural change (e.g. optic disc cupping)Functional loss (e.g. visual field defects)💡 Analogy to Systemic HypertensionSystemic HypertensionOcular Hypertension (Glaucoma)Narrowed vessels → high BPBlocked o..

👁 What is Glaucoma?Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathycharacterized by loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons,with both:Structural damage to the optic nerveFunctional loss (visual field defects)✅ It is the second leading cause of global blindness✅ It is painless, irreversible, and requires early detection🔍 Glaucoma Diagnosis Requires BOTH:ComponentDetailsStructuralOptic d..