EYE am FINE

Adenovirus, a non-enveloped DNA virus, is a common cause of viral conjunctivitis, particularly presenting in three main clinical forms:Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC)Pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF)Simple follicular conjunctivitis🔹 Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis (EKC)Caused by Adenovirus types 8, 19, and 37 (type 8 most common)Highly contagious, spreads through tears and eye secretionsBegins..

👁 “Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis (AHC) – Apollo Eye Disease”AHC, also known as Apollo eye disease, is an extremely contagious viral conjunctivitis,primarily caused by enterovirus 70 (EV70) and coxsackievirus A24 (CA24).It presents rapidly with subconjunctival hemorrhage, follicular reaction, and bilateral progression.🧠 Summary Table for AHCFeatureDescriptionCommon NameApollo eye diseaseCaus..

Because of the orbit’s confined space and proximity to critical neurovascular structures, orbital surgery must follow five core principles to ensure both safe tumor resection and postoperative outcomes. 🔹 5 Principles of Orbital SurgerySelect the Closest and Safest Approach - Route should provide proximity and minimize collateral damage - Choose anatomically safe zones; bilateral access if ne..

👁 “Metastatic Orbital Tumors – Clinical Clues and Imaging Insights”Metastasis to the orbit occurs in about 2–4% of cancer patients,accounting for 1–3% of all orbital tumors.All metastases reach the orbit via hematogenous spread, as the orbit lacks lymphatic channels.Most often, it reflects advanced systemic malignancy and carries a poor prognosis.🧠 Summary Table – Metastatic Orbital TumorsFeat..

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare, systemic disorder characterized by clonal proliferation of abnormal Langerhans cells, affecting bone, skin, lymph nodes, and internal organs.Orbital involvement is found in about 20–23% of LCH cases, with proptosis and superolateral bone erosion being classic findings.🔹 Classification & HistoryPreviously grouped as Histiocytosis X (Eosinophilic Gra..

👁 “Fibrous Histiocytoma of the Orbit – Most Common Adult Mesenchymal Tumor”Fibrous histiocytoma (FH) is a mesenchymal tumor composed of fibroblast- and histiocyte-like cells,and is considered the most common primary mesenchymal tumor of the adult orbit.It is typically located in the superonasal quadrant and presents with painless proptosis and globe displacement.🧠 Summary Table – Orbital Fibro..

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common primary malignant orbital tumor in children, originating from mesenchymal cells that would normally differentiate into striated muscle. It accounts for approximately 5% of pediatric malignancies and 2–4% of orbital masses.🔹 Epidemiology & FeaturesMedian age: 7–8 years, mostly diagnosed before age 6Clinical signs: Rapidly progressive, painless proptosis, lid s..

👁 “Orbital Schwannoma – From Anatomy to Histologic Diagnosis”Schwannoma, also called neurilemmoma, is a benign tumor originating from Schwann cellsof the peripheral nerve sheath.It is usually solitary in healthy individuals, but multiple lesions may indicate Neurofibromatosis Type I.In ophthalmology, schwannomas are rare but may occur in the orbit, conjunctiva, uvea, or even eyelid.🧠 Summary T..

Neurofibromas are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors, commonly associated with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) and Type 2 (NF2), which are multisystem genetic disorders with distinct clinical and ocular features.🔹 Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)Incidence: 1 in 2,600–3,000 birthsMain features: Skin lesions, peripheral nerve tumorsDiagnosis (≥2 of NIH criteria): 1) ≥6 café-au-lait macules 2) Axi..