EYE am FINE

Dry eye disease results from either reduced tear production or instability of the tear film. Accurate diagnosis requires a combination of quantitative and qualitative tests to assess tear volume, tear film stability, lipid layer quality, and ocular surface integrity.This post summarizes the 9 major clinical diagnostic tools used in dry eye evaluation.🔹 Key Diagnostic CategoriesSlit-lamp Microsc..

✅ Detailed Overview of the Conjunctiva – Structure, Physiology, and Clinical SignificanceThe conjunctiva is a transparent mucous membrane covering the anterior surface of the eye and the inner eyelid, playing a central role in tear film stabilization, ocular surface immunity, and lubrication.🔹 1. Anatomical SubdivisionsThe conjunctiva is not a homogenous layer—it is subdivided by anatomical reg..

👁 “Corneal Nerve Distribution – From Trigeminal Roots to Subbasal Plexus”The cornea is the most densely innervated tissue in the human body.Its sensory innervation originates from the trigeminal nerve (CN V), specifically the ophthalmic division (CN V1),which branches into the nasociliary nerve, then further into the long ciliary nerves, ultimately reaching the cornea.🧠 Pathway of Sensory Inne..

🔹 1. Corneal StromaComprising 90% of total corneal thickness, it is made mostly of regularly aligned collagen lamellae and a sparse population of stromal keratocytes.Keratocytes help with collagen turnover and wound healing.These cells are interconnected via gap junctions, even across layers, enabling coordinated inflammatory responses during injury.🔹 2. Descemet’s MembraneA dual-layered basem..

👁 Coats' Disease – A Progressive Pediatric Retinal Vascular DisorderCoats' disease is a rare, typically unilateral pediatric retinal disordercharacterized by retinal telangiectasia, lipid exudation, and exudative retinal detachment.It most commonly presents in young boys ( and may lead to vision loss or enucleation.✅ Clinical SummaryFeatureDescriptionOnsetMean age ~5 years, 75% maleEye Involvem..

👁 “Serpiginous Choroiditis – When Inflammation Slithers Across the Retina”Serpiginous choroiditis (SC) is a rare, chronic posterior uveitis characterized by recurrent serpentine chorioretinal lesionsthat begin around the optic disc and extend in a snake-like fashion toward the periphery.The disease often spares the optic nerve, but macular involvement or CNV may significantly impact vision.✅ Ke..

👁 Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE) – Sudden Bilateral Vision Loss in Healthy AdultsAPMPPE is a white dot syndrome characterized bysudden bilateral visual disturbances, often following a viral illness.The condition is self-limited in most cases, with good visual prognosis,despite RPE scarring.✅ Clinical SummaryFeatureDescriptionAge/Sex20–50 years, M=FTriggerURI ..

👁 Diffuse Subretinal Fibrosis (DSF) – A Severe Variant of White Dot SyndromeDSF is a rare, aggressive form of White Dot Syndrome (WDS)that causes rapid bilateral subretinal fibrosis,typically affecting young myopic women.It can progress to bilateral blindness within weeks.✅ Key Clinical StagesStageSymptomsEarlyYellow spots, anterior uveitis, vitritis, CMEMidSubretinal fluid accumulationLateDiff..

👁 “Punctate Inner Choroidopathy (PIC) – When Young Myopic Women See White Spots”PIC is a rare inflammatory white dot syndrome that primarily affects young, myopic females,causing multiple white-yellow lesions in the posterior pole without anterior uveitis or vitreous involvement.Its main threat is the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), which can significantly impair vision.✅ Key..