Exams&Terms/Eye exams8 ARK (AutoRefractor & Keratometer) AutoRefraction & Keratometry 👁 What is ARK?ARK (AutoRefractor & Keratometer)AutoRefraction: Measures refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism)Keratometry: Measures corneal curvature➡️ Combined in a single automatic device📌 Standard tool in eye clinics📌 Fast, automated measurement: ~1 second × 3 trials → average result ⚠ Accuracy in Pediatrics: ARK vs Manual RefractionIn children (especially inaccurateGreater dis.. 2025. 4. 20. Ocular Anatomy: Anterior vs Posterior Segment, RetinaChoroidOptic nerveRetinaChoroidOptic nerve 👁 Ocular Anatomy: Anterior vs Posterior SegmentThe human eye is structurally divided into two major parts:Anterior Segment and Posterior Segment,separated by the posterior lens capsule / anterior vitreous face.🔹 Anterior SegmentStructures:CorneaIrisCiliary bodyLensChambers:In front of the iris: Anterior chamberBehind the iris: Posterior chamberFluid:Aqueous humorFlow: Produced by ciliary body .. 2025. 4. 19. 👁 What is Central Corneal Thickness (CCT)? 👁 What is Central Corneal Thickness (CCT)?CCT refers to the thickness of the central cornea,playing a critical role in refractive surgery screening and intraocular pressure (IOP) correction in glaucoma patients.🔍 Clinical Importance of CCTRefractive Surgery PlanningDetermines suitability and surgical safetyOverestimated CCT → Risk of overcorrection or ectasiaUnderestimated CCT → Patient wrongl.. 2025. 4. 19. Corneal Size & White-to-White (WTW) / Visible Iris Diameter (VID) 👁 Corneal Size & White-to-White (WTW) / Visible Iris Diameter (VID)The cornea makes up the anterior 1/6 of the eye,with a radius of approximately 8 mm, forming part of the eye's spherical structure.🔍 How is corneal size measured?From a front view, the horizontal distance from limbus to limbus (white sclera to white sclera)is termed White-to-White (WTW) or Visible Iris Diameter (VID).TermMeanin.. 2025. 4. 19. Axial Length of the Eye?, AXL, IOL master? A-scan, ultrascan 👁 What is Axial Length of the Eye?Axial Length (AXL) refers to the distance from the anterior corneal pole to the posterior scleral pole—essentially the front-to-back length of the eyeball. 🧬 Basic Eye AnatomyCornea (anterior 1/6):Radius: ~8mmSclera (posterior 5/6):Radius: ~12mmThe eye is a non-perfect sphere, composed of two fused spherical parts. 📏 Axial Length GrowthAgeAxial LengthAt bir.. 2025. 4. 19. Ocular Surface Stains + Staining Score Systems 👁 Ocular Surface Stains + Staining Score SystemsOphthalmic dyes likeFluorescein, Rose Bengal, and Lissamine Greenhelp visualize corneal and conjunctival damage in patients with dry eye and other surface disorders.🔍 Stain Color & Use SummaryDye NameColorUsed ForFluoresceinGreen (fluorescent)CorneaRose BengalPink/RedConjunctiva, devitalized cellsLissamine GreenGreenConjunctiva, dry eye assessmen.. 2025. 4. 19. SPEED Questionnaire, dry eye symptom, Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness 👁 What is the SPEED Questionnaire?The SPEED (Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness) is a self-assessment tooldesigned to measure symptoms of dry eye based on a patient's subjective experience.🔍 StructureThe SPEED test consists of 3 main components:Listing of symptoms (e.g., dryness, irritation, burning)Frequency ratingSeverity rating🧪 Scoring SystemFrequency (0 to 3 points per sympto.. 2025. 4. 19. Common Ocular Surface Dyes in Eye Examinations 👁 Common Ocular Surface Dyes in Eye ExaminationsIn ophthalmology, three major vital stains are used to assess the health of the corneal and conjunctival surfaces:🔸 Fluorescein🟢 Appears green under cobalt blue light🔶 The solution itself is orange-colored🧪 Used primarily to highlight corneal epithelial defects✅ Most common and essential in corneal staining 🔸 Rose Bengal🌺 A red dye, reminisc.. 2025. 4. 19. Prev 1 Next
