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👁 Common Ocular Surface Dyes in Eye Examinations
In ophthalmology, three major vital stains are used to assess the health of the corneal and conjunctival surfaces:
🔸 Fluorescein
- 🟢 Appears green under cobalt blue light
- 🔶 The solution itself is orange-colored
- 🧪 Used primarily to highlight corneal epithelial defects
- ✅ Most common and essential in corneal staining
🔸 Rose Bengal
- 🌺 A red dye, reminiscent of a rose
- 👁️ Highlights damaged or devitalized conjunctival cells
- ❗ May cause mild irritation
- 📄 Available in paper strips, used with saline
🔸 Lissamine Green
- 🟩 Green dye
- 👁️ Stains conjunctival damage, especially useful for dry eye diagnosis
- 👍 Causes less irritation than Rose Bengal
- 📄 Paper-based application as well
✅ Summary Table
Dye NameColorPrimary UseNotes
| Fluorescein | Green (fluorescent) | Cornea damage detection | Cobalt blue light required |
| Rose Bengal | Pink/Red | Conjunctiva & dead cells | May sting slightly |
| Lissamine Green | Green | Conjunctiva, dry eye tests | Comfortable, less irritating |