Common Ocular Surface Dyes in Eye Examinations

👁 Common Ocular Surface Dyes in Eye Examinations

In ophthalmology, three major vital stains are used to assess the health of the corneal and conjunctival surfaces:

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🔸 Fluorescein

• 🟢 Appears green under cobalt blue light
• 🔶 The solution itself is orange-colored
• 🧪 Used primarily to highlight corneal epithelial defects
• ✅ Most common and essential in corneal staining

 

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🔸 Rose Bengal

• 🌺 A red dye, reminiscent of a rose
• 👁️ Highlights damaged or devitalized conjunctival cells
• ❗ May cause mild irritation
• 📄 Available in paper strips, used with saline

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🔸 Lissamine Green

• 🟩 Green dye
• 👁️ Stains conjunctival damage, especially useful for dry eye diagnosis
• 👍 Causes less irritation than Rose Bengal
• 📄 Paper-based application as well

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✅ Summary Table

Dye NameColorPrimary UseNotes

Fluorescein	Green (fluorescent)	Cornea damage detection	Cobalt blue light required
Rose Bengal	Pink/Red	Conjunctiva & dead cells	May sting slightly
Lissamine Green	Green	Conjunctiva, dry eye tests	Comfortable, less irritating