Visual Pathway :Retina Optic Nerve Optic Chiasm Optic Tract Lateral Geniculate Body (LGB) Optic Radiation Visual Cortex

👁 Visual Pathway Anatomy: Eye-Brain Connection

The eye and brain are anatomically and functionally deeply interconnected.
The retina is an extension of the brain, and central nervous system disorders often manifest with visual symptoms.

 

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🔍 Visual Pathway Sequence

The complete route from the retina to the brain’s visual cortex:

1. Retina
2. Optic Nerve
3. Optic Chiasm
4. Optic Tract
5. Lateral Geniculate Body (LGB)
6. Optic Radiation
   • Meyer's Loop (temporal lobe)
   • Baum's Loop (parietal lobe)
7. Visual Cortex
8. Visual Association Area

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🧠 Mapping Brain Lesions to Visual Field Deficits

Lesion LocationVisual Field Defect

Right brain lesion	Left visual field loss
Left brain lesion	Right visual field loss
Superior lesion (Baum)	Inferior visual field
Inferior lesion (Meyer)	Superior visual field

Key rule:

• Meyer’s loop (temporal) → affects superior quadrants
• Baum’s loop (parietal) → affects inferior quadrants

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✅ Summary

• The visual system extends from the retina to the brain
• Visual field loss patterns help localize brain lesions
• Knowing the optic radiation’s topography (Meyer vs. Baum) aids in diagnosis
• This is critical in neuro-ophthalmology and neurology